tanpura
A long-necked drone instrument that provides the continuous harmonic foundation for Indian classical music.
In Depth
The tanpura produces a rich, shimmering drone by plucking four or five open strings tuned to the tonic and fifth (and sometimes fourth). The strings are designed to buzz slightly against the bridge, creating a complex web of overtones that fills the acoustic space. This ever-present drone establishes the tonal centre against which all melodic movement is measured. Every Indian classical performance, whether vocal or instrumental, is anchored by the tanpura drone.
The tanpura's buzzing bridge is not a defect but a deliberate design feature; the slight buzz creates a spectrum of overtones that enriches the drone and supports the melodic instruments.