rondo

A rondo features a main theme (the refrain) that returns repeatedly, alternating with contrasting episodes. The most common structures are ABACA (five-part rondo) and ABACABA (seven-part rondo). The recurring theme provides unity, while the episodes offer variety and contrast. The rondo was a favourite form for final movements in Classical sonatas, concertos, and symphonies. Mozart and Beethoven wrote many celebrated rondos — Beethoven's Rondo a Capriccio (Rage Over a Lost Penny) and the finale of Mozart's Piano Sonata in A major (K. 331, Rondo alla turca) are well-known examples. The form's inherent energy and sense of return make it ideal for concluding a multi-movement work.