counterpoint explained
The art of combining two or more independent melodic lines into a harmonious whole
In Depth
Counterpoint is the oldest and most fundamental discipline of Western composition. In strict counterpoint (species counterpoint), rules govern how consonances and dissonances are introduced and resolved. In free counterpoint, these rules are relaxed while preserving the principles of voice independence and smooth motion. The five species — note against note, two against one, four against one, suspensions, and florid — provide a systematic method for learning contrapuntal writing. Bach's fugues represent the supreme achievement of contrapuntal art.
The word counterpoint comes from the Latin punctus contra punctum, meaning point against point — a reference to the notes (points) written against each other on the staff.