timbre

theoryTAM-berfrom French

The unique quality or color of a sound that distinguishes one instrument from another.‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍

In Depth

Timbre (pronounced TAM-ber) is what makes a trumpet sound different from a violin playing the same note at the same volume.‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍ It is determined by the complex mixture of overtones (harmonics) that accompany the fundamental frequency, plus the instrument's attack, decay, and resonance characteristics. Every instrument and voice has a unique timbre, shaped by its physical construction, playing technique, and the material it is made from. Orchestration — the art of assigning music to different instruments — is essentially the art of combining timbres. Composers like Ravel, Debussy, and Rimsky-Korsakov were masters of orchestral colour, creating vivid sonic landscapes through their command of timbre.
Did you know?

The reason a violin and a flute sound different playing the same note is timbre — the unique recipe of overtones each instrument produces. No two instruments, even of the same type, have identical timbre.

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