sul ponticello explained

techniquessul pon-tee-CHEL-lofrom Italian

A string technique in which the bow is drawn near the bridge, producing a thin, glassy, overtone-ric‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌h sound

In Depth

Playing near the bridge (sul ponticello, on the little bridge) emphasises the higher partials of the harmonic series while suppressing the fundamental.‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌ The result is an eerie, metallic sound that is rich in overtones and poor in warmth. At extreme closeness to the bridge, the sound becomes scratchy and almost white-noise-like. Composers use sul ponticello for atmospheric and unsettling effects. The opposite instruction, sul tasto (near the fingerboard), produces a warm, flute-like tone by emphasising the fundamental.
Did you know?

Penderecki's Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima uses massed sul ponticello playing from 52 strings to create a sound of almost unbearable tension.

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