scale degree
The position of a note within a scale, numbered from the tonic (1) upward.
In Depth
Each note in a scale has a number (degree) and a name. In a major scale: 1st = tonic, 2nd = supertonic, 3rd = mediant, 4th = subdominant, 5th = dominant, 6th = submediant, 7th = leading tone. These names describe each degree's function and relationship to the tonic.
Understanding scale degrees is essential for analysing and creating music. The dominant (5th degree) has the strongest pull toward the tonic, creating the V-I cadence that defines tonal music. The leading tone (7th degree) sits one semitone below the tonic and pulls upward with enormous force. Roman numeral analysis uses scale degrees to label chords, making it possible to analyse music in any key using the same system.
The names of the scale degrees (tonic, dominant, etc.) have remained unchanged since they were codified in the 18th century — they are the universal language of harmonic analysis.