obbligato

formob-lih-GAH-tohfrom Italian

An essential instrumental part that accompanies a vocal or solo line, too important to omit.‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌

In Depth

Obbligato (Italian for obligatory) describes an instrumental line that is so integral to the musical fabric that it cannot be left out.‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌ In Baroque arias, an obbligato instrument — often oboe, flute, or violin — weaves around the vocal line in a duet-like texture, complementing and commenting on the singer's melody. The term is sometimes confused with ad libitum (at liberty), which is its opposite — an optional part that can be omitted. Bach was a master of obbligato writing: the violin obbligato in the Erbarme dich aria from the St. Matthew Passion creates one of the most heartbreaking instrumental-vocal dialogues in all music.
Did you know?

In 18th-century London, opera audiences would specifically attend performances to hear famous instrumentalists play obbligato parts — the instrumental soloist was sometimes a bigger draw than the singer.

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