continuo

techniqueskon-TIN-yoo-ohfrom Italian

A continuous bass accompaniment in Baroque music, typically played by harpsichord and cello.‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍

In Depth

The basso continuo (usually shortened to continuo) was the harmonic backbone of virtually all Baroque ensemble music from roughly 1600 to 1750.‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍ It consisted of a bass line instrument (cello, viola da gamba, or bassoon) playing the written bass notes, plus a chording instrument (harpsichord, organ, or lute) improvising harmonies above them based on figured bass notation. The continuo player was essentially a jazz musician of the Baroque era — given only a bass line with numbers indicating the chords, they had to improvise a full accompaniment in real time. A skilled continuo player could transform a simple bass line into a rich, elaborate harmonic texture. The decline of the continuo in the Classical era coincided with the rise of fully written-out orchestral parts.
Did you know?

Continuo players in the Baroque era were expected to improvise their entire part from just a bass line with numbers. It was the equivalent of a modern jazz musician reading chord symbols.

Related Terms

More in Techniques

Browse all

Keep Exploring