cadential six-four

theorykay-DEN-shul six-fourfrom English

A second-inversion tonic chord used at cadences, functioning as a decoration of the dominant rather ‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌than a true tonic

In Depth

The cadential 6/4 (I6/4) appears over the dominant bass note, with the sixth and fourth above it resolving down by step to become the fifth and third of the dominant chord.‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌ Despite being spelled as a tonic triad, it functions as an embellishment of V. Many theorists label it V6/4 to reflect this function. The cadential 6/4 is one of the most common harmonic events in Classical music, appearing at virtually every authentic cadence in Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven.
Did you know?

The labelling of the cadential 6/4 — as I6/4 or V6/4 — is one of the most contentious debates in music theory pedagogy, with strong advocates on both sides.

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